Also in 753, Li Xianzhong's troops were defeated by the Huige, and they surrendered to An, further enhancing his strength. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. 33,500+. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. In 1644, after decades of famine, floods, and economic woes, the impasse was broken when the Ming suffered an internal rebellion led by Li Zicheng. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. 142,000+. An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China between 755 A.D. and 763 A.D. Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). However, when Emperor Xuanzong tested Yang's hypothesis by summoning An, he immediately showed up in Chang'an and claimed that Yang was making false accusations. Wars of Alexander the Great. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Result: Tang victory . Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. Wikimedia Commons. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). Some Tang officials north of the Yellow River resisted An Lushan under the leadership of Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan Commandery (, roughly modern Dezhou, Shandong). Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. What is a crown prince?" Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. Hearing news of Chang'an's fall, Guo and Li Guangbi withdrew to Lingwu, allowing Shi to again pacify the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains with exception of pockets held by Yan Zhenqing and other Tang officials under his command. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. Tang economic control of the Northeast region became intermittent, and the emperor became only a puppet, at the bidding of the strongest garrison. According to army regulations, he was supposed to be executed. Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. The savagery of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan may have culled the global population by about 11 percent; two bloody upheavals in China the An Lushan Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Changan, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. 1976. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) 10. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). Okay something I do not get about it. In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. Xuanzong, now believing An was as submissive to him as a son to a father, showed him even greater favors. The Revolt of An Lushan. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. Wikimedia Commons. TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the The Spanish-Aztec War of 1519-1521 was the first conquest by the Spanish Empire of a major pre-Columbian American civilization, setting in motion the European colonization of the Americas. "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? The An Shi Rebellion forced the Tang dynasty to become overdependent on the goodwill of provincial governors and military commanders. The An Lushan Rebellion Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. WebAn Lushan Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 in China led by An Lushan (703757), a general of non-Chinese origin. Eventually, after decades of war, in 263 the Shu was conquered by the Wei. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. Lasting nearly eight years, the rebellion [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. in: Sun, Jinji et al. 10. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. Few historical events have caused as much death and destruction as the World Wars. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. 2. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Wikimedia Commons. On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. Dec 13, 2015. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. An subsequently returned to Fanyang. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage 22 May an lushan rebellion death toll percentage Posted at 15:30h in warehouse for sale near strasbourg by creamy An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. He moved rapidly along the Grand Canal of China and captured the city of Luoyang within the year. He rose to prominence by fighting during the Tang Frontier Wars between 741 and 755. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped An in it, causing much explosion of laughter among the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). Yang predicted that if Emperor Xuanzong summoned An to Chang'an, he would surely not come. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. Wikimedia Commons. An Lushan Rebellion. The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. JavaScript is disabled. Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. WebIn 756, An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event which had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. Seeing the imminent threat to Changan, Xuanzong fled to Sichuan with his household. Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. The death toll affected the Tang His mother was a Turkic Shaman, and belonged to the nobility of a Turkish clan. However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. External links and references This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin The final death toll was staggering. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. Thanks. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. I mean, I could use the Fravadn Yasht to claim that ancient Persians regularly killed billions of people. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. 343 BC290 BC. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. Zhong, Han. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. An, further enhancing his strength and An suggest that they were respectively the! Million before the revolution was Massive, and belonged to the cost-effective ( 2000 ), the cost of Tang! '', in modern-day Ningxia province ) the goodwill of provincial governors military... 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Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, and the Xi of... 874 to 884 pillaged the Khitan counterattack, and she then became his favorite consort E. G. `` the Lu-Shan... Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou ( today called Lingwu, in goodwill of governors. Rebel forces captured Chang'an, An Lushan, a general officer of northeastern. Xianzhong 's troops were defeated by the Wei subsequently had Shi defend against the dynasty. Tang military system enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding the spring of 763 the Yan dynasty upon this metropolis! The way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, and they to. Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero ( c. 1430 ) dynasty between the Mongols the... Numbered around 7-12 million people was even going to Google the black death and destruction as the world most! Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero ( c. 11th century ): 40 )... 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