Rajaraja Chola I (Tamil: ), considered as the greatest king of the Chola Empire by many, ruled between 985 and 1014 C.E. Year after year villages from all over the country had to supply men and material for the temple maintenance.[23]. This September marks the 50thanniversary of the death of one of the most remarkable men of our times, and serves as an occasion to remember what created him and made him such a legendary figure. In Moscow, he met and interacted with the Indian revolutionary M.N. Raja Raja Chola embarked on a mission to recover the hymns after hearing short excerpts of Tevaram in his court. It is worthy of note that there are elephant troops, cavalry and foot soldiers among these regiments. One of the iconic kings of India, Raja Raja was born Arulmozhi to Chola king Parantaka II (alias Sundara Chola) and his queen consort Vanavan Mahadevi as the couple's second son and third child. [20], The increasing realization of the importance of a good Navy and the desire to neutralize the emerging Chera Naval power probably had been the underlying the reasons for the Kandalur campaign in the early days of Rajarajas reign.[21]. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Wasn't he a Hindu then?" he said. But for the historical introductions, often found at the beginning of the Tamil inscriptions of Chola, the lithic records of the Tamil country proved of little value and, consequently, elucidating the history of Southern India from their inscriptions has brought little understanding. Rajaraja evidently attached much importance to his victory over Satyasraya, as he reportedly presented gold flowers to the Rajarajesvara temple on his return from the expedition. For the emperor, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Rajaraja Cholan, Prior to Sivaji Ganesan", "Raja Raja Cholan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)", "Raja raja Chozhan Tamil Film EP Vinyl record by Kunnakudi Vaidhyanathan", " ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajaraja_Cholan&oldid=1133402701, Films with screenplays by A. P. Nagarajan, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention from June 2021, All Wikipedia articles with plot summary needing attention, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from March 2022, All articles that are excessively detailed, Wikipedia articles with style issues from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 16:32. Rajaraja, disguised as a sage, appears and asks them why make the armies fight and lead to so many people's deaths, when only Rajendran and Vimalathithan should fight. [12], In a battle against the Cheras sometime before 1008 C.E., Rajaraja stormed and captured Udagai in the western hill country. An ardent follower of Saivism (one of the 4 major streams of Hinduism), Rajaraja was nevertheless tolerant towards other faiths and creeds. Kalingattuparani, a war poem written during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I hints at a slight on the Chola ambassador to the Chera court as the reason for this sacking of Udagai. That those regiments should have been called after the king or his son shows the attachment which the Chola king bore towards his army. He conducted enquiries into temple affairs in various parts of the country, punishing defaulters. Chola armies occupied the northern half of Lanka and named the dominion Mummudi Chola Mandalam. When one family builds a wall, two families benefit from it.Chinese proverb. Paluvettaraiyars, from the region of Thiruchirapalli, closely associated with the Cholas from the time of Parantaka I when he married a Paluvettaraiyar princess, occupying a high position in the Chola administration. He had several temples for Vishnu constructed. [30][32] Rajaraja thus became to be known as Tirumurai Kanda Cholan meaning one who saved the Tirumurai. # Who is Raja Raja Cholan? On Wednesday, the southern state of Tamil Nadu is celebrating the 1,034th Sathaya Vizha marking the birth anniversary of one of the greatest emperors of the country - King Rajaraja Chola. Example of a typical lithic inscription of the Chola period. His elder brother Aditya II was assassinated c. 969 CE. The idea of Rajaraja to add a short account of his military achievements at the beginning of every one of his inscriptions had been his own. He called himself Sivapadha Sekaran. Another example of such a process is the selection of Sri Nandi Varman II to the Pallava throne . Also Elangon Pichiyar was the daughter of Vallavaraiyan Vandhiyathevan and Kundavai Nachiyar. An inscription by Rajaraja in Tamil, found in the Mulbagal district of Karnataka, shows his accomplishments as early as the 19th year. During the visit, a rally was held with the working people of the People's Yard, where a logger was launched from the dock. Amaichar tells the king that Kundavi and Vimalathithan make a nice pair, for which Bala Devar criticises and tells that how can such a lowly king's brother get intimate with the emperor's daughter that would be an insult to Rajaraja and insult to Kundavi's chastity. In the war against the Pandyas, Rajaraja seized the Pandya king Amarabhujanga and the Chola general captured the port of Virinam. We may suppose that Rajaraja entertained a high regard for her and that she exercised considerable influence over him and contributed in no small degree to the formation of his character. Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhala kings, perished, so extensive had been the destruction that the inhabitants abandoned the city. Raja Raja Cholan (Cover) | Robin Sebastian | Rettai Vaal Kuruvi | Ilaiyaraaja | K. J. Yesudas Roshan Sebastian 30.7K subscribers Subscribe 49K 2.1M views 3 years ago #KJYesudas #TamilCover. Rajaraja also expanded his conquests in the north and northwest. Nolambas who were the feudatories of Ganga could have turned against their overlords and aided the Cholas to conquer the Gangas, who were the chief bulwark against the Chola armies in the northwest. A debate has ensued over the religious identity of Raja Raja Chola after filmmaker Vetrimaaran questioned the king's portrayal as a Hindu. King Vijayabahu I successfully drove the Cholas out of Sri Lanka in 1070, reuniting the country for the first time in over a century.[12][13]. He installed a system of audit and control by which the village assemblies and other public bodies were held to account while not curtailing their autonomy. Kundavi is informed by Rajendra that he got a special gift when Vimalathithan enters. Rajaraja Chola's mother, Vaanavan Maadevi, was the daughter of Thirukkovilur king, Malayamaan Thirumudi Kaari. While Kalki's novel describes his life at his youth at the time of the death of Aditya Karikala, Balakumaran deals with Rajaraja Chola's life after he becomes the emperor. The building of the Rajarajesvara temple in Thanjavur and the various endowments and gifts to it must have occupied a prominent place in the kings mind during these years. But we do know that the rulers of these two conquered provinces were originally feudatories of the Rashtrakutas. Vikramabharana-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. Parents: Raja Raja - I & ThribuvanaMadeviyar. After an argument, Vimalathithan leaves and tells the emperor not to use his daughter and her love as bait to trap him. [22], We have no further details regarding this expedition, however this is a sufficient indication of the abilities of the Chola Navy, which was utilised effectively under Rajendra I. Rajaraja also expanded his conquests in the north and northwest. Mahinda had to seek refuge in the southern region of Ruhuna. During the next three centuries of rule, marked by many wars with the Rashtrakutas, the dynasty had become old and dysfunctional, falling prey to disputed successions and anarchy. He came to the throne at the death of Uttama Chola after a long apprenticeship of a heir apparent. Detail of the main gopura (tower) of the Thanjavur Temple, One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the old islands of the sea numbering 12,000. Another daughter was called as Mathevalzagal and was mentioned as the Naduvit Penn (meaning middle daughter) in one of the Thiruvilachuzhi inscriptions. [9] The film's prints were taken to theatres atop an elephant. Some years' fighting apparently was necessary before the conquest could be completed and the conquered country could be sufficiently settled for its administration could be properly organised. Rajaraja responds by saying, if the golden statue of Nataraja is God himself then why can't these statues be saints? The Chola - Srivijaya War. [13][14] The heart of the story revolves around the mysteries surrounding the assassination of Aditya II and the subsequent accession of Uttama to the Chola throne. Rajaraja Cholan announces that his son Rajendra and the Chola army is helping the Vengai king Sakthivarman and his younger brother Vimalathithan recapture the kingdom from Satyasiriyan. From this time, the Chalukyas became the main antagonists of Cholas in the northwest. "The naval supremacy of the Colas continued under the immediate successors of Rajendra. At any rate, all those transactions show that the king created in them an interest in the temple he built. [8][9] Inscriptions found in Thanjavur show that frequent references to the conquest of the Chera king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu (the west coast of South India) had been made. Raja Raja Chola I was the greatest king of the Chola empire in southern India. Rajaraja's reign began to show signs of the coming end of the dynasty. Rajarajas inscriptions indicate that the Chola army elephants wrought havoc on the banks of the river Tungabhadra. Subsequently, Ho Chi Minh participated in the Bandung conference in 1955 and visited India in 1958. The Thiruvalangadu copper-plate inscriptions say: This was to say that Raja Raja was legally elected through the kind of democratic process followed by Cholas as seen in their Uttiramerur inscription. Were they (Cholas) conscious they were Hindus, may be no. Later led Vikramabahu of Ruhuna rebellion against the Chola Empire. Poonkodi mixes the poison in the milk and gives it to him, who offers it to Baladevar. He built the magnificent Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur and through it enabled wealth distribution among his subjects. During the time of the Vietnam War, large demonstrations were held in India. We communicate without words, To commemorate those conquests, Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi-Chola, (the Chola king who wears three crowns - the Chera, Chola and Pandya). His natal star was Sadhayam. After revealing one of the soldier's is Rajaraja Cholan in disguise, Rajaraja declares Bala Devar as his minister in spite of others not trusting him. On the way Vimalathithan meets Rajendran and he warns Rajendran that it is all Bala Devar's plot and to remain careful. The Kalingattu-Parani refers to the "storming of Udagai" in the verse, which alludes to the reign of Rajaraja. His life story is so unique that it reads almost like magical realism. The emperor and empress leave to meet Karuvur Devar and are introduced to Tamizarasi, a poet and drama writer. [41], "The Hidden Temples of India." The mother of Rajendra I, the only known son of Rajaraja, was Vaanathi (otherwise called as Thiripuvana Madeviyar), Princess of Kodumbaalur. The President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, and his party on 27.7.1957 paid a visit to the People Stralsund and the Island of Riems. Not at all. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. THARCIUS. Rajarajas son Rajendra served as the Chola general leading the army in that battle. [10] RajaRajan's desire to bring the whole Lankan island under Cholan empire was never fulfilled and the southern part of the island (Ruhuna) remained independent. [21] His son Rajendra Chola, as the commander of the Chola forces invaded and defeated the Andhra king Bhima. In a battle against the Cheras sometime before 1008 CE, Rajaraja captured Udagai in the western hill country. According to the Hottur inscriptions of Satyasraya, dated 1007 1008 C.E., the Chola king with a force numbering nine hundred thousand had pillaged the whole country, had slaughtered the women, the children and the Brahmans, and, taking the girls to wife, had destroyed their caste. His older siblings were Aditha Karikalan and Kundavai. The Tamil poem Vikkirama Cholan ula mentions the conquest of Malai Nadu and the killing of 18 princes in retaliation of the insult offered to an envoy. The empire saw tremendous growth during his rule from 985 AD to 1014 AD. Ottran is captured by Rajaraja when he enters the palace and Rajaraja assumes his identity. Rajaraja reveals that Poonkodi is a Chola spy who works for him, and he already knew of Bala Devar's schemes. The first military achievement of Rajarajas reign was the campaign in Kerala c. 994 CE. On learning that Ranamitra Sen was in the audience at one of his gatherings, he reportedly got off the stage and went to greet and embrace him. The prominence given to the army from the conquest of the Pandyas down to the last year of the kings reign is significant, shows the spirit with which he treated his soldiers. Kundavi asks her father to not listen to Bala Devar and to release Vimalathithan. Rajaraja also perfected the administrative organization by creating a strong, centralized structure, and by appointing local government authorities. He installed a system of audit and control holding to account the village assemblies and other public bodies while protecting their autonomy. He documented atrocities on Blacks with detailed statistics and facts, and was known to be a virtual encyclopaedia on these matters. Before his 14th year c. 998 999 C.E., Rajaraja conquered Gangapadi (Gangawadi) and Nurambapadi (Nolambawadi), which formed part of the present Karnataka State. For instance, an inscription of his reign found at Tirumalavadi near Thruchi records an order of the king to rebuild the central shrine of the Vaidyanatha temple at the place and, before pulling down the walls, the inscriptions engraved on them should be copied in a book. Satyasiriyan asks his guard Ottran to go and meet Bala Devar as it is Pournami day. He promoted International trade by patronising "Thisai ayirathi ettu Ainootruvar", which is an ancient Tamil trade organisation which carried on trade from the length and breadth of the Indian Ocean From the Arabia to the Malaya. The Vengi kingdom remained independent of the Chola Empire. Gokul Seshadri has written a novel "Rajakesari", which deals with the after effects of Kandhalur invasion, in Rajaraja Chola's life. Saktivarman, recognizing that he owed everything to Rajaraja, consented to recognize the Chola over lordship. They were apparently enjoying full responsibility and administration of the region of Paluvur. But for the historical introductions, which are often found at the beginning of the Tamil inscriptions of Chola, kings the lithic records of the Tamil country would be of very little value, and consequently even the little advance that has been made in elucidating the history of Southern India would be difficult. The idea of Rajaraja to add a short account of his military achievements at the beginning of every one of his inscriptions was entirely his own. Mahindas army mutinied with help from mercenaries from Keralas. Rajaraja appears before him, and Bala Devar tells him that Vimalathithan is turning the whole empire against Rajaraja. He had established his rule extending from India up to South East Asia with his Naval Fleet. When the Chola army enters the palace, Rajendra, Sakthivarman and Vimalathithan find Bala Devar tied to a pillar. He also encouraged the construction of the Buddhist Chudamani Vihara at the request of the Srivijaya king Sri Maravijayatungavarman. Ilaiya-Rajaraja-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. Stories of Shiva and Parvati and moreover, eighty one poses of Bharatnatyam are carved on the walls of the temple. Sujatha wrote a novel "Kandalur Vasanthakumaran Kathai," dealing with the situations leading to his war at the Kandhalur, a sea port. The Tamil poem Vikkirama Cholan ula mentions the conquest of Malai Nadu and the killing of eighteen princes in retaliation of the insult offered to an envoy. This thesis was to have a profound influence on Ho Chi Minh and would anchor his activities in subsequent years. Vimalathithan warns the emperor that Bala Devar should not be trusted, and Rajaraja tells him that the Vengi kingdom by the next full moon. After the death of Aditya II, Madhuranthaga was declared by Sundara Chola as the heir apparent ahead of Arulmozhivarman. Rajakanthirava-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. The names of Vanavanmahadevi, Lokamahadevi, Cholamahadevi, Trailokyamahadevi, Panchavanmahadevi, Abhimanavalli, Iladamadeviyar (Latamahadevi) and Prithivimahadevi had been inscribed in the Tanjore Temple. Adigal Paluvettaraiyar Kandan Maravan had been one of the names of those feudal chieftains found in inscriptions. Kundavai (also transliterated as Kundhavai or Kunthavai) was born in 945 CE. King Rajendra Chola's "Meikeerthi" gives a euphoric feeling always for me. The prominence given to the army from the conquest of the Pandyas down to the last year of the kings reign significantly shows the spirit with which he treated his soldiers. The Kulottunga-Cholan-ula also mentions the burning of Udagai. The 50th anniversary of the Vietnamese icon serves as an occasion to remember his life and work. asserts that he captured Rattapadi by force. Bala Devar tries to stop it but he runs away when the public starts campaigning against him. [30][31] The brahmanas (Dikshitars) in the temple opposed the mission, but Rajaraja intervened by consecrating the images of the saint-poets through the streets of Chidambaram. Rajaraja spent a lot of time in the company of Kundavai, his elder sister, and must have much admired her. Some of Chola Inscriptions of Raja Raja note how during a war against Vengi, the king himself took initiative and killed a certain ruler called Bheema ruling that area because " he felled one of his commanders". Rajaraja died in 1014 C.E., succeeded by Rajendra Chola I. A Ho Chi Minh bust in Kolkata. We are not, however, told to what productive purpose they applied this money. She had an elder brother - Aditha Chola II, and a younger brother - Raja Raja cholan I. Kundavai married Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan, a member of the Bana Dynasty, a feudatory of the Cholas mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions. [9] [5][6], The soundtrack album was composed by Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan. The Cholas controlled the area around of Bay of Bengal and turned it to Chola Lake. He identifies his opponent as Rajaraja Nittavinodha Rajendra Vidyadhara, the ornament of the Chola kula Nrmadi Chola(one hundred times more powerful). Nagapattinam on Bay of Bengal was the main port of the Cholas and could have been the navy headquarters. [1] [25] After its commemoration the temple and the capital had close business relations with the rest of the country and acted as a centre of both religious and economic activity. This is widely accepted as the correct interpretation. Photo: Wikimedia Commons. Rajaraja's men get three palanquins and he opens them to show the golden statues of the saint-poets. An inscription of Rajaraja from c. 1003 C.E. Uttama made a compromise deal with Sundara Chola that Uttama will be succeeded not by his son but by Arulmozhi. Before his 14th year c. 998999 CE, Rajaraja conquered Gangapadi (Gangawadi) and Nurambapadi (Nolambawadi), which formed part of the present Karnataka State. He also saw the extraordinary cruelty of the French, which he was to later document in great detail. Uttarangudaiyan Kon Vidividangan alias Villavan Muvendavelan was one of the top officers (Perundaram) of Rajaraja. Even in Inscriptions of Sundarachola we find a Chola regiment in Eastern Deccan preparing to invade Odisha. The Chalukyas, pressed from the north by the hostile Paramaras of Malwa, must have found sustaining themselves against two powerful enemies attacking from two opposite directions difficult. "He was known to be victorious, fearless, all-conquering," he added. Rajaraja recorded his military achievements in every one of his inscriptions and thus handed down to posterity some of the important events of his life. The other names of officials found in the inscriptions are the Bana prince Narasimhavarman, a general Senapathi Sri Krishnan Raman, the Samantha chief Vallavarayan Vandiyadevan, the revenue official Irayiravan Pallavarayan and Kuruvan Ulagalandan who organised the country-wide land surveys. Rajaraja created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra. Raja Raja Chola was born in Thirukoilur ( head quarters of Nadu Naadu) as Arulmozhivarman, the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola (Aditya Karikala was the elder son and Kundhavai the elder sister) and Vanavan Maha Devi of the Velir Malayaman dynasty. Thus there is no truth in the proposition of "Chola Throne" ties with "Vengi". Rajendra learns everything from Viramadevi and asks her to console his sister. This was referred as 'meikeerthi'," he adds. Rajaraja Cholan, based on the life of the Chola king Rajaraja I was a play written by Aru. The Peruvudaiyar Koyil (Tamil: , peruvuaiyr kyil? Moreover khmer era begun to 802 CE whereas Raja raja was born in 947 AD. View history Rajaraja II was a chola emperor who reigned from 1150 CE to 1173 CE. He laid the foundation for the growth of the Chola kingdom into an empire, by conquering the kingdoms of southern India and the Chola Empire expanded as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. They also draw a parallel between this relationship and the enmity between the Chalukyas of Badami and the Pallavas of Kanchi. He is remembered for reinstating the Chola influence and ensuring its supremacy across the Indian Ocean. # When was Vietnam War took place? Setelah kejadian wafatnya Raja Balaputradewa pada tahun 835 M, Kerajaan Sriwijaya hampir tidak menemukan lagi . 1. By PTI KANCHEEPURAM: A delegation sent to China by the great Chola emperor Rajaraja over trade relations 1,000 years ago, a Shiva temple in China and use of Chinese umbrellas centuries ago shed. Rajendra reclaims the sword and announces that he shall lead the army to Venginadu. Roy, who had debated Lenin in the Second Congress on the national and colonial question. That is why he built Brihadishvara temple. Rajaraja had the first king of South India to introduce that innovation into his inscriptions. The emperor replies that as long as he is the emperor and has confidence in his rule, he trusts his daughter to do the right thing. Rajaraja Chola I was a Chola emperor who ruled present day south India between 985 and 1014 AD. Who dried the tears from the eyes of my History?, Also read:In the Idea of an All India NRC, Echoes of Reich Citizenship Law. Rajendra refuses to do it, and gives his sword to his father. Rajaraja must have had at least three daughters, of which two have been recorded: Kundavi, who married the Eastern Chalukya prince Vimaladitya and the second daughter Madevadigal, who embraced Buddhism and abstained from marriage. He wandered around the world, changed his name several times and was in a restless search for direction that could lead to freedom for his country. Rajadhiraja, as stated above, not only defeated and destroyed the Chera fleet at Kandalur but sent out his squadrons on an expedition against Ceylon. Photo: Biswarup Ganguly/CC BY 3.0. [1] During the lifetime of his father Sundara Chola, Arulmozhi had carved a name for himself by his exploits in the battles against the Sinhala and Pandyan armies. J. Rajaraja Cholan is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language biographical film directed by A. P. Nagarajan and written by Aru Ramanathan. Rajaraja Chola's mother, Vaanavan Maadevi, was the daughter of Thirukkovilur king, Malayamaan Thirumudi Kaari. This was an early instance of the commonality expressed in the struggles of Vietnam and India. Lenin had much more of a direct influence on Ho Chi Minh. They apparently enjoyed full responsibility and administration of the region of Paluvur. Satyasiriyan runs back into his palace whose minister, Bala Devar, devises a plan to destroy Raja Raja Chola. In February 1958, when Ho Chi Minh visited India, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru welcomed him as a great revolutionary and an almost legendary hero. In January 2007, Kaviri Mainthan a novel set in the Chola period and a sequel to Ponniyin Selvan was written by Anusha Venkatesh, published by The Avenue Press. It is widely believed that trade with the European continent was feasible during the reign (985-1014 C.E) Raja Raja Cholan. [31] It is believed that by divine intervention Nambi found the presence of scripts, in the form of cadijam leaves half eaten by white ants in a chamber inside the second precinct in Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram. Rajaraja was succeeded by Rajendra Chola I. During his reign, the Cholas expanded beyond South India with their domains stretching from Sri Lanka in the south to Kalinga in the north. Rajaraja was born Arulmozhivarman and was the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola. It is well known that the spread of capitalism and the discovery of the New World had as an immediate result the rebirth of slavery which was, for centuries, a scourge for the Negroes and a bitter disgrace for mankind.. Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhala kings was destroyed. He was born in a small Vietnamese village, and was exposed at a young age to patriotic activities and peasant revolts against French rule. An inscription from the roof of the Gopalakrishna temple at Kaleyur in the Tirumukudalu Narasipur taluk dated in Saka 929 being current, Parabhava, corresponding to 1006 A.D, records that Rajaraja's viceroy Aprameya displayed his valor by slaying the Hoysala minister Naganna and multiple other generals of the Hoysalas like Manjaga, Kalega(or Kali Ganga), Nagavarman, etc. Perundanattu-Valangai-Velaikkarappadaigal. Satyasraya became the Chalukya king. 3. Also there is another novel "Cherar Kottai" by the same author, which deals with the Kandhalur invasion by Rajaraja Chola. [7][8] Inscriptions found around Thanjavur show that frequent references are made to the conquest of the Chera king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu (the west coast of South India). Inscriptions found in the Thanjavur temple bear testimony to the accuracy of this operation. During this period he was engaged in organising and augmenting his army and in preparing for military expeditions.[7]. Bala Devar meets with Poonkudi to discuss Rajaraja's downfall. The entrance to the temple is a high gateway which is also beautifully decorated with sculptures called the gopuram. Chola armies occupied the northern half of Lanka and named the dominion Mummudi Chola Mandalam became the port... The area around of Bay of Bengal was the daughter of Vallavaraiyan Vandhiyathevan and Nachiyar! The Bandung conference in 1955 and visited India in 1958 over lordship extensive been... Regiments should have been the destruction that the rulers of these two conquered provinces were originally feudatories of the empire. Then why ca n't these statues be saints he already knew of Bala Devar as it Pournami! Palanquins and he warns Rajendran that it reads almost like magical realism cavalry and foot soldiers among regiments. And asks her to console his sister temple affairs in various parts of Buddhist. ] [ 6 ], `` the Hidden Temples of India. men get three palanquins and opens. 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